International Labour Day, also known as May Day or International Workers’ Day, is observed globally on May 1st each year. It is a day dedicated to honouring workers around the world—those whose hard work, resilience, and dedication have shaped modern economies and communities. More than a celebration, it’s a reminder to empower workers with knowledge of their rights.
Over the years, May Day has evolved into a powerful symbol of solidarity, social justice, and the ongoing struggle for workers’ rights. As International Labour Day 2025 approaches, let’s take a closer look at its history, this year’s theme, and the diverse ways in which it is celebrated around the world.
Labour Day 2025 Theme
Each year, International Labour Day is marked by a theme highlighting a critical issue affecting workers globally—ranging from fair wages to safe working conditions. The theme for 2025 has not yet been officially announced.
The History of Labour Day
The origins of International Labour Day trace back to the American labour movement of the late 19th century. May 1st was chosen to commemorate the nationwide strike for an eight-hour workday that began in 1886. This movement reached a pivotal moment during the Haymarket Affair in Chicago, where a peaceful rally turned violent following a bomb explosion, resulting in the deaths of seven police officers and several civilians.
The Haymarket Affair stands as a defining event in labour history, symbolizing the high cost of workers’ struggles and the urgency of their demands. In India, Labour Day was first observed in 1923 in Chennai, emphasizing the importance of protecting labour rights and promoting social justice.
Significance of Labour Day
Labour Day is more than a public holiday—it is a global acknowledgement of workers’ contributions, the hardships they’ve endured, and the victories they’ve achieved through decades of struggle. It aims to raise awareness of labour rights, combat exploitation, and advocate for fair wages, decent working conditions, and dignity at work.
It also serves as a reminder of how far the global labour movement has come, while spotlighting the ongoing challenges that workers in many sectors and regions continue to face.
Labour Day 2025 Celebrations Around the World
In many countries, Labour Day is a national holiday marked by marches, rallies, seminars, and cultural events. Posters, banners, and public demonstrations highlight the achievements of workers and the importance of safeguarding their rights.
Nations such as China, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, and Zimbabwe observe May 1st as a public holiday. In India, several states—including Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal—recognize the day officially, with banks, government offices, stock markets, schools, and public transport services typically remaining closed.
